Since the early 90s, Japanese avant-garde sound artist and producer Ryoji Ikeda has been exploring the absolute extremes of minimalism in electronic music, often using little more than sine waves and test tones to construct his pieces. After several solo releases and collaborative works with the collective Dumb Type, Ikeda released his breakthrough album +/- in 1997, a modern experimental masterpiece of dancing bleeps and low bass notes. His work since has kept to a similar pattern, blending microtones and bouncing digital tones to create a compelling shower of sound.